Vestibular Disease in Dogs: What Pet Owners Need to Know

Key takeaways:

• Dogs showing signs like head tilting or loss of balance should be seen by a veterinarian right away to identify the cause and start care.
• Improvement is common within 72 hours when the type (peripheral or central vestibular disease) is correctly diagnosed and managed.
• Consistent vet visits, proper ear care, and a safe home setup can help prevent recurrence and make recovery easier.

When your dog starts stumbling or appears disoriented out of nowhere, it can be a scary experience, especially if they seemed fine just minutes earlier. These unexpected changes might be signs of vestibular disease, a condition that affects balance and coordination. It tends to show up more often in older dogs and can catch even experienced pet owners off guard.

While vestibular disease typically isn’t life-threatening, acting quickly is important. For trusted guidance on symptoms, causes, and care options, visit PetHealthMD, where pet owners can access reliable health information. Better yet, schedule a visit with your veterinarian to rule out any serious underlying issues and ensure your dog gets the necessary care. With timely treatment and home support, most dogs begin to feel better in just a few days.

How vestibular disease affects your dog

Your dog relies on a specialized system in the inner ear and brain—the vestibular system—to stay balanced and move steadily. When this system isn’t working properly, your dog may tilt their head, lose coordination, or even fall over. These changes can be unsettling to watch and often point to a disruption in how the body senses motion and position.

Inside the inner ear are tiny, fluid-filled canals that help detect movement. These canals send messages to the brain about where your dog is in space. When that messaging gets scrambled or interrupted, it can cause dizziness, disorientation, and trouble standing or walking.

Vestibular disease can affect either the inner ear (known as peripheral vestibular disease) or the brain (called central vestibular disease). Peripheral types are more common and generally respond well to treatment. Central types can involve more complex issues and often need more advanced testing. Your veterinarian will determine the source and guide you to the right next steps.

The signs of vestibular disease in dogs

Vestibular disease often begins without warning and can look different from one dog to the next. Many pet owners find the sudden change alarming, especially if their dog was perfectly normal just a short while ago. Knowing what to look for can help you take quick action and get your dog the support they need.

Physical signs:

• A head tilt, usually to one side
• Unusual eye movement, such as flicking side to side
• Stumbling, walking in circles, or falling over
• Trouble standing still without leaning or rolling

Behavioral signs:

• Hesitation or refusal to move
• Not eating or drinking
• Bumping into furniture or walls
• Difficulty climbing stairs or jumping onto familiar surfaces

Even if the symptoms seem mild, they could signal something more serious. Don’t wait—reach out to your vet for an exam and guidance on what to do next.

Common causes of vestibular disease

In some older dogs, vestibular disease can appear without any clear cause. This is called idiopathic vestibular disease, and it often gets better on its own with rest and basic care. 

However, in many cases, the condition is linked to an underlying issue that needs medical attention. Because it’s hard to tell the difference on your own, your veterinarian should always be the one to examine your dog and decide on the best course of action.

Common causes include:

• Infections in the middle or inner ear
• Trauma to the head
• Side effects from certain medications
• Underlying conditions, such as thyroid imbalance or high blood pressure

Dogs around 12 years old and breeds like French Bulldogs and Bulldogs have significantly higher odds of developing vestibular dysfunction compared to mixed breeds. This may be due in part to their unique skull structure (brachycephalic anatomy), which can influence inner ear health and susceptibility to neurological conditions.

How veterinarians diagnose vestibular disease

To figure out what’s behind your dog’s symptoms, your veterinarian will start with a thorough physical and neurological exam. They’ll check your dog’s posture, walking pattern, and eye movements, such as nystagmus, which can indicate balance issues. They’ll also examine your dog’s ears to look for signs of infection or inflammation that could be contributing to the problem.

If more information is needed, your vet may recommend additional tests, including blood tests to check thyroid levels and metabolic health, ear swabs or cultures to identify any infections, and imaging tests like a CT or MRI scan to rule out more serious brain-related causes

These steps help your vet decide whether your dog is dealing with something temporary or a more complex medical issue that needs specific treatment—reinforcing their role as the most reliable source of diagnosis and care planning.

How to support recovery and reduce future risk

While you can’t prevent every case of vestibular disease, there are still plenty of ways to help reduce the chances of it happening again and to make daily life easier and safer for your dog. A few practical steps at home, paired with regular input from your veterinarian, can have a lasting impact on your dog’s health and comfort.

Vet care:

• Schedule checkups regularly, especially for dogs over 10
• Clean your dog’s ears gently and check for discharge or signs of irritation

Nutrition and movement:

• Feed a balanced diet with omega-3 fatty acids to support brain and nerve function 
• Keep your dog active with daily movement suited to their age and ability

Home adjustments:

• Lay down rugs or mats to prevent slipping on smooth floors
• Remove tripping hazards and keep walkways clear
• Use gates to block off stairs or other risky areas

Talk with your veterinarian about any other preventive steps that may benefit your dog, especially if they’ve had an episode before. A little preparation can go a long way in keeping them safe and steady on their paws.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about vestibular disease in dogs

What is the typical recovery time for vestibular disease?

Most dogs begin improving within 72 hours. Full recovery can take 7 to 14 days, though some may show lingering signs like a head tilt for longer.

Can vestibular disease come back?

Yes, some dogs—especially older ones—may experience more than one episode. Your vet can help monitor and manage any underlying conditions to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Is vestibular disease painful for my dog?

While it may look dramatic, vestibular disease is not typically painful. Dogs may feel dizzy or nauseated, which can be distressing, but medication and support usually help ease discomfort.

Should I restrict my dog’s movement during recovery?

It’s best to limit access to stairs or slippery areas, but light, supported movement like short walks can help maintain mobility. Ask your vet about what level of activity is appropriate for your dog.

Is vestibular disease a sign of something more serious?

Sometimes. While many cases are idiopathic and resolve quickly, symptoms can also point to infections, tumors, or neurological issues. That’s why a proper vet evaluation is essential.

How can I make my home safer while my dog recovers?

Use non-slip rugs, block off stairs, and clear pathways of clutter. Keeping food and water bowls close and easy to reach can also help your dog stay comfortable during recovery.

Support your dog’s recovery today

Vestibular disease can feel overwhelming at first, especially when the symptoms appear out of nowhere. But with the right care, most dogs recover well and regain their comfort and confidence. Small adjustments at home, regular routines, and guidance from your veterinarian can all help your dog feel more secure during the healing process. If your pet starts showing signs of imbalance or confusion, reaching out to your vet sooner rather than later can make a big difference.

To find vet-approved supplies and medication, explore PetCareRx. Ultimately, your veterinarian is your most important partner in planning your dog’s care and ensuring their long-term well-being.